SQL Syntax

    Every SQL RDBMS follow a similar set of rules and syntax which are known as queries and statements. While writing the queries in SQL we have to take care of syntax, if we write a query with invalid syntax then the SQL throw some errors. Every SQL query or statement starts with a command like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, ALTER, DROP, CREATE, USE, SHOW, etc. and ends with a semicolon (;), if we do not put a semicolon the query will not execute. SQL commands are insensitive in nature which mean SELECT and select have the same meaning, and this case-insensitive concept also applies on the database and tables, if there is a Database with name Music then you cannot create another database with name MusiC, or music, or MuSic.

    SQL Syntax for various commands

    1. SQL SELECT Command 

    SELECT Field_name_1, Field_name_2
FROM table_name;
here SELECT and FROM are SQL commands.

    2. SQL DISTINCT Clause: 

    SELECT DISTINCT Field_name_1, Field_name_2
FROM table_name;

    3. SQL WHERE Statement: 

    SELECT Field_name_1, Field_name_2
FROM table_name
WHERE Conditoin1 operator Condition2;

    4. SQL AND/OR Operator 

    SELECT Field_name_1, Field_name_2
FROM   table_name
WHERE  CONDITION-1 {AND|OR} CONDITION-2;

    5. SQL IN Operator 

    SELECT Field_name_1, Field_name_2
FROM   table_name
WHERE  Field_name IN (val1, val2, val3,…);

    6. SQL BETWEEN Statement 

    SELECT Field_name_1, Field_name_2
FROM   table_name
WHERE  Field_name BETWEEN val1 AND val2;

    7. SQL LIKE Statement 

    SELECT Field_name_1, Field_name_2
FROM   table_name
WHERE  Field_name LIKE { like_patterns };

    8. SQL ORDER BY Statement: 

    SELECT Field_name_1, Field_name_2
FROM   table_name
WHERE  CONDITION
ORDER BY Field_name {ASC|DESC};

    9. SQL GROUP BY Statement: 

    SELECT AVG(Field_name_1)
FROM   table_name
WHERE  CONDITION
GROUP BY Field_name;

    10. SQL COUNT Function: 

    SELECT COUNT(Field_name)
FROM   table_name
WHERE  condition;

    11. SQL HAVING Statement: 

    SELECT AVG(Field_Name)
FROM   table_name
WHERE  condition
GROUP BY Field_name
HAVING (condition);

    12. SQL CREATE TABLE Statement 

    CREATE TABLE table_name(
field_name_1 datatype,
field_name_2 datatype,
field_neme_3 datatype,
.....
field_name_N datatype,
);

    13. SQL DROP TABLE Statement 

    DROP TABLE table_name;

    14. SQL CREATE INDEX Statement 

    CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name
ON table_name ( Field_name_1, Field_name_2, ……. field_name_n);

    15. SQL DROP INDEX Statement 

    ALTER TABLE table_name
DROP INDEX index_name;

    16. SQL DESC Statement 

    DESC table_name;

    17. SQL TRUNCATE TABLE Statement 

    TRUNCATE TABLE table_name;

    18. SQL ALTER TABLE Statement 

    ALTER TABLE table_name {ADD|DROP|MODIFY} Field_name {data_ype};

    19. SQL Rename TABLE Syntax: 

    ALTER TABLE table_name RENAME TO new_table_name;

    20. SQL INSERT INTO Statement 

    INSERT INTO table_name( Field_name_1, Field_name_2,…..Field_name_n)
VALUES ( val1, val2....valN);

    21. SQL UPDATE Statement 

    UPDATE table_name
SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2....columnN=valueN
[ WHERE  CONDITION ];

    22. SQL DELETE Statement 

    DELETE FROM table_name
WHERE  {condition};

    23. SQL CREATE DATABASE Statement 

    CREATE DATABASE database_name;

    24. SQL DROP DATABASE Statement 

    DROP DATABASE database_name;

    25. SQL USE Statement 

    USE database_name;

    26. SQL COMMIT Statement 

    COMMIT;

    27. SQL ROLLBACK Statement 

    ROLLBACK;

    SQL Syntax Quick Summary

    • SQL statements are known as SQL queries.
    • Each SQL query contains some SQL commands.
    • SQL commands are Case insensitive.
    • Every SQL query ends with a semicolon.
    • If you pass an invalid SQL query then the SQL engine would throw an error.

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